Electric cars, known as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), are equipped with an electric motor in place of an internal combustion engine. These vehicles rely on a substantial traction battery pack to drive the electric motor and require connection to a wall outlet or charging equipment, known as electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). Operating solely on electricity, these vehicles produce no exhaust emissions through a tailpipe and lack conventional liquid fuel elements like a fuel pump, fuel line, or fuel tank.
Critical Elements of a Fully Electric Vehicle
Auxiliary Battery (all-electric): Within an electric drive vehicle, the auxiliary battery supplies power to operate vehicle accessories.
Charging Port: This port facilitates connection to an external power source for charging the traction battery pack.
DC/DC Converter: Responsible for converting higher-voltage DC power from the traction battery pack into the lower-voltage DC power essential for operating vehicle accessories and recharging the auxiliary battery.
Electric Traction Motor: Utilizing power sourced from the traction battery pack, this motor propels the vehicle’s wheels. Some vehicles incorporate motor generators that serve both drive and regeneration functions.
Onboard Charger: Receives incoming AC electricity through the charge port and transforms it into DC power to charge the traction battery. It also communicates with charging equipment and monitors battery attributes such as voltage, current, temperature, and charge status during the charging process.
Power Electronics Controller: This component regulates the flow of electrical energy provided by the traction battery, managing the speed and torque output of the electric traction motor.
Thermal System (cooling): This system regulates the proper operating temperature for the engine, electric motor, power electronics, and other vehicle components.
Traction Battery Pack: This unit stores electricity for utilization by the electric traction motor.
Electric Transmission: The transmission transmits mechanical power generated by the electric traction motor to drive the vehicle’s wheels.
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